## Amphibian and Reptile Element Information

This page acts as a guide to amphibian and reptile bones, indicating which elements are found in which commonly-occuring British species.

Compiled by the author with help and assistance from Phil Piper (pers. comm.), and Chris Gleed-Owen (1998).

| Amphibians | Reptiles
| Ranidae (frogs) | Bufonidae (toads) | Salamandridae (newts) | Emydidae (turtle) | Lacertidae (lizards) | Anguidae (slow worm) | Viperidae and Colubridae (snakes)
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
QC0
Amphibian misc. | x | x | x |  |  |  |
Angulosplenial | x | x |  |  |  |  |
Carpal | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Carpal/tarsal | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Caudal vertebra |  |  | x |  | x | x | x
Cervical vertebra |  |  |  | x | x | x | x
Columella |  | x |  |  |  |  |
Coracoid |  | x |  | x |  |  |
Cornua |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Distal caudal vertebra |  |  |  |  |  | x | x
Exoccipital | x |  |  |  |  |  |
Fibula |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Hyoidal cornua | x | x |  |  |  |  |
Ischium | x | x | x | x |  |  |
Mentomeckelian |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Metacarpal | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Metapodial | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Metatarsal | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Nasal |  | x | x |  |  |  |
Omosternum | x |  |  |  |  |  |
Osteoderms |  |  |  |  |  | x |
Parasphenoid | x | x |  |  |  |  |
Phalanx | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Precaudal vertebra |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Precoracoid |  | x |  |  |  |  |
Prefrontal |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Premaxilla | x |  | x |  |  |  |
Pterygoid | x | x | x |  |  |  |
Pubis |  |  |  | x |  |  |
Quadrate |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Quadratojugal | x | x |  |  |  |  |
Radius |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Reptile misc. |  |  |  | x | x | x | x
Rib |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Sacral and coloacal vertebra |  |  |  |  | x | x | x
Sphenethmoid |  | x |  |  |  |  |
Squamosal | x | x | x |  |  |  |
Sternum | x |  |  |  |  |  |
Tarsal | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Tibia |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Tooth |  |  |  |  |  |  | x
Trunk vertebra | x | x | x | x | x | x | x
Ulna |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Urostyle | x | x |  |  |  |  |
Vertebra |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vomer |  |  | x |  |  |  |
QC1
Atlas vertebra | x | x | x | x | x | x | x
Carapace |  |  |  | x |  |  |
Dentary | x | x | x |  | x |  |
Femur | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Fibulare | x |  |  |  |  |  |
Frontal |  |  | x |  |  | x |
Frontoparietal | x | x |  |  |  |  |
Humerus | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Ilium | x | x | x | x | x | x |
Maxilla | x | x | x |  | x |  |
Orbitosphenoid |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Parietal |  |  | x |  |  | x |
Plastron |  |  |  | x |  |  |
Prootic-exoccipital |  |  | x |  |  |  |
Radioulna | x | x |  |  |  |  |
Sacral vertebra | x | x | x | x | x |  |
Scapula | x | x |  | x |  |  |
Scapulocoracoid |  |  | x |  | x |  |
Tibiale | x |  |  |  |  |  |
Tibiofibula | x | x |  |  |  |  |
QC4
2nd digit metacarpal |  | x |  |  |  |  |