## Recommended Measurements

This page acts as a guide to recommended measurements for each of the main domestic species, plus birds, following the EAU protocol (Dobney, Jaques and Johnstone 1999).

Measurements are following von den Dreisch (1976) unless otherwise stated. If links are given, this indicates an unusual measurement that can be displayed.

Element | Cattle | Caprine | Pig | Horse | Bird
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Horncore | BC (equals von den Dreisch 44), 45, 46, 47 | BC (equals von den Dreisch 40), 41, 42, 43 | - | - | -
Teeth | M3 length and breadth | M3 length and breadth | see illustration | P2 - M3 length and breadth | -
Humerus | GLC, SD, BT, HTC | GLC, SD, BT, HT, HTC | GLC, SD, BT, HTC | GLC, GLL, SD, BT, HTC, Bd | GL, SC, Bd, Dip
Radius | GL, SD, Bp, BFp | GL, SD, Bp, BFp | GL, SD, Bp | GL, L1, SD, Bp, Dp, BFd, Dd | -
Metacarpal | GL, SD, Bp, Dp, BFd, Dd, Dem, Dvm, Dim | GL, SD, Bp, Dp, BFd, Dd, Dem, Dvm, Dim | GL, Bp, Bd | GL, L1, SD, Bp, Dp, BFd, Dd | -
Femur | - | - | - | GL, GLC, DC, Bp, SD, Bd | GL, SC, Bd, Dd, Dp, Bp, Lm
Tibia | GL, SD, Bd, Dd | GL, SD, Bd, Dd | GL, SD, Bd, Dd | GL, L1, Bp, SD, Bd, Dd | -
Astragalus | GL1, Bd, D1 | GL1, Bd, D1 | GL1, GLm | GH, GB, LmT, BFd | -
Calcaneum | GL, DS, C, C-D | GL, DS, C, C-D | GL, DS, C-D | GL, GB, DS | -
Metatarsal | GL, SD, BFp, DFp, BFd, Dd, Dem, Dvm, Dim | GL, SD, BFp, DFp, BFd, Dd, Dem, Dvm, Dim | Gl, Bp, Bd (GL only for metatarsals 2 and 5) | GL, L1, SD, Bp, Dp, BFd, Dd | -
Phalanx | GL, SD, Bp, Dp, Bd, BFd | GL, SD, Bp, Dp, Bd, BFd | GL, SD, Bp, Dp, Bd, BFd | GL, SD, Bp, Dp, Bd, BFd, Dd | -
Scapula | GLP, SLC | GLP, SLC | GLP, SLC | GLP, SLC, LG, BG | -
Coracoid | - | - | - | - | -
Ulna | - | - | - | - | -
Carpometacarpus | - | - | - | - | -
Tibiotarsus | - | - | - | - | -
Tarsometatarsus | - | - | - | - | -